ZMQ_SEND

Section: 0MQ Manual (3) Updated: 10/15/2010 Local index Up

NAME

zmq_send - send a message on a socket

SYNOPSIS

int zmq_send (void *socket, zmq_msg_t *msg, int flags);

DESCRIPTION

The zmq_send() function shall queue the message referenced by the msg argument to be sent to the socket referenced by the socket argument. The flags argument is a combination of the flags defined below:

ZMQ_NOBLOCK

: Specifies that the operation should be performed in non-blocking mode. If the message cannot be queued on the socket, the zmq_send() function shall fail with errno set to EAGAIN.

ZMQ_SNDMORE

: Specifies that the message being sent is a multi-part message, and that further message parts are to follow. Refer to the section regarding multi-part messages below for a detailed description.

Note

A successful invocation of zmq_send() does not indicate that the message has been transmitted to the network, only that it has been queued on the socket and 0MQ has assumed responsibility for the message.

Multi-part messages

A 0MQ message is composed of 1 or more message parts; each message part is an independent zmq_msg_t in its own right. 0MQ ensures atomic delivery of messages; peers shall receive either all message parts of a message or none at all.

The total number of message parts is unlimited.

An application wishing to send a multi-part message does so by specifying the ZMQ_SNDMORE flag to zmq_send(). The presence of this flag indicates to 0MQ that the message being sent is a multi-part message and that more message parts are to follow. When the application wishes to send the final message part it does so by calling zmq_send() without the ZMQ_SNDMORE flag; this indicates that no more message parts are to follow.

RETURN VALUE

The zmq_send() function shall return zero if successful. Otherwise it shall return -1 and set errno to one of the values defined below.

ERRORS

EAGAIN

: Non-blocking mode was requested and the message cannot be sent at the moment.

ENOTSUP

: The zmq_send() operation is not supported by this socket type.

EFSM

: The zmq_send() operation cannot be performed on this socket at the moment due to the socket not being in the appropriate state. This error may occur with socket types that switch between several states, such as ZMQ_REP. See the messaging patterns section of zmq_socket(3) for more information.

ETERM

: The 0MQ context associated with the specified socket was terminated.

EFAULT

: The provided context was not valid (NULL).

EXAMPLE

Filling in a message and sending it to a socket.

/* Create a new message, allocating 6 bytes for message content */
zmq_msg_t msg;
int rc = zmq_msg_init_size (&msg, 6);
assert (rc == 0);
/* Fill in message content with 'AAAAAA' */
memset (zmq_msg_data (&msg), 'A', 6);
/* Send the message to the socket */
rc = zmq_send (socket, &msg, 0);
assert (rc == 0);

Sending a multi-part message.

/* Send a multi-part message consisting of three parts to socket */
rc = zmq_send (socket, &part1, ZMQ_SNDMORE);
rc = zmq_send (socket, &part2, ZMQ_SNDMORE);
/* Final part; no more parts to follow */
rc = zmq_send (socket, &part3, 0);